Reasoning Input Output questions -Word ,number and Symbol arrangement

Input Output questions for competitive government exams 

Input-Output questions consist of the patterns which is either based on numbers alphabets, word or symbol . The input-output problem concept is similar to a computer or any machine which receives an input and produces an output .

By inputting some data the machine rearranges it in each step by following the instructions.
For solving these kind of questions one must first comprehend the logic behind the problems.

Input-Output Reasoning: Types of Questions

Word or Number Rearrangement Based questions:

In these type of questions, the words or numbers will be arranged according to a specific rule (Alphabetic order ,reverse order or any other order). In some questions words and numbers are given simultaneously . In each step, candidates must arrange the words and numbers simultaneously.
The following examples will illustrate the idea clearly.

INPUT- As when tiger entered the village as men and animals were fled away.

Step I- as As when tiger entered the village men and animals were fled away.
Step II- as As and when tiger entered the village men animals were fled away.
Step III-as As and animals when tiger entered the village men were fled away.
Step IV - as As and animals away when tiger entered the village were fled.
Step V - as As and animals away entered when tiger the village were fled.
Step VI- as As and animals away entered fled when tiger the village were.
Step VII- as As and animals away entered fled the when tiger village were.
Step VIII- as As and animals away entered fled the tiger when village were.
Step IX- as As and animals away entered fled the tiger village when were.
Step X- as As and animals away entered fled the tiger village were when.
(Step X is the last step for this input.)

Directions-Based on the above input output, for each of the questions from 1 to 10, read the instructions and answer .

1. INPUT-'Every man wants to see a beautiful thing'. Which of the following step will be, a
beautiful every man see to thing wants ?
(A) IV
(B) lll
(C) V
(D) Vll
(E) VIII

 
Answer :(C) Logic behind output -Words are arranged alphabetical order.

INPUT-Every man wants to see a beautiful thing.
Step I -a Every man wants to see beautiful thing.
Step II-a beautiful Every man wants to see thing.
Step III-a beautiful Every man see wants to thing.
Step IV -a beautiful Every man see to wants thing.
Step V -.a beautiful Every man see to thing wants.

2. INPUT- am she dance as good actress.
Which of the following will be step III?
(A) actress am she dance as good
(B) actress am as dance she good
(C) actress am as she good dance
(D) actress am as dance good she
(E) None of these

Answer:(B)

INPUT-am she dance as good actress.
Step I-actress am she dance as good.
Step II:-actress am as she dance good.
Step III-actress am as dance she good.

3. Step V was- a bought car for father Kamla new her.
Then, which of the following was Input ?
(A) Kamla bought for her father a new car
(B) Kamla a bought for her father new car
(C) Kamla bought a new car for her father
(D) Can not be determined
(E) None of these

Answer:  (D) The input cannot be determined from a given step.

4. INPUT-Equality reflects not an education but develops his culture also.
Which will be last step of this input ?
(A) VII
(B) VIII
(C) VI
(D) V
(E) IV

Answer :(B) 

INPUT-Equality reflects not an education but develops his culture also.
Step I-also Equality reflects not an education but develops his culture.
Step IT-also an Equality reflects not education but develops his culture.
Step III-also an but Equality reflects not education develops his culture.
Step IV-also an but culture Equality reflects not education develops his.
Step V -also an but culture develops Equality reflects not education his.
Step VI-also an but culture develops education Equality reflects not his.
Step VII- also an but culture develops education Equality his reflects not.
Step VIII-also an but culture develops education Equality his not reflects.

Directions(Q.5-8) On inputting a data in a computer, it rearranges the given data at each step in following way.

INPUT-, 40, 15, 61, 25, 36,71, 47, 55.

Step 1-71, 40, 15, 61, 25, 36,47, 55
Stepll-71,61,40, 15,25,36,47,55.
Step III-71, 61, 55,40, 15, 25, 36,47.
Step IV-71, 61, 55, 47, 40, 15, 25, 36
Step V-71, 61, 55,47, 40, 36, 15, 25.
Step VI-71, 61, 55, 47, 40, 36, 25, 15

5. INPUT-25, 13,41,26, 16,59,28,81 Which will be the step VI ?
(A) 13,16,25,26,28,41,59,81

(B) 81,59,41,28,25,16,13,26
(C) 81,59,41,28,26,25,13,16
(D) 81,59,41,28,26,25,16,13
(E) None of these

Answer: (D) Logic behind output-Numbers are arranged in descending order.

INPUT-25, 13, 41, 26, 16, 59, 28, 81.
StepI-81,25, 13,41,26, 16,59,28. ,
StepII-81,59,25, 13,41,26, 16,28.
Step III -81,59,41,25, 13,26, 16,28.
Step IV-81, 59, 41, 28, 25, 13, 26, 16.
Step V-81, 59, 41, 28, 26, 25, 13, 16.
Step VI-81, 59,41, 28, 26, 25, 16, 13.

6 . Step III-95, 86, 85, 71, 15, 27, 47, 55.
What will be its input ?
(A) 81, 85, 71, 95, 15? 27, 47, 55
(B)Cannot be determined
(C)71,15,95,27,86,47,55,85
(D)71,47,85,15,95,86,55,47
(E) None of these

Answer (B) The input cannot be determined from a given step.

7. INPUT- 05, 21, 15, 29, 14,41,60
Which will be last step?
(A) V
(B) IV
(C) VII
(D) Cannot be determined
(E) None of these

Answer: (E)

INPUT- 05, 21, 15, 29, 14, 41, 60.
Step I- 60,05,21, 15,29, 14,41.
Step II- 60,41,05,21, 15,29, 14.
Step ID- 60, 41, 29, 05, 21, 15, 14.
Step IV- 60, 41, 29, 21, 05, 15, 14.
Step V- 60, 41; 29, 21, 15,05, 14.
Step VI- 60,41,29,21, 15, 14,05 .

Direction (Questions 8-11) When an machine is fed with input ‘: Herb 31 Shrub 11 Grass 21 41 Tree Planter 51’ ,following output is produced.

Step I: 11 Herb 31 Shrub 21 41 Tree Planter 51 Grass
Step II: 11 21 31 Shrub 41 Tree Planter 51 Grass Herb
Step III: 1 2 3 4 Shrub Tree 5 Grass Herb Planter
Step IV: 11 21 31 41 51 Tree Grass Herb Planter Shrub
Step V: 11 21 31 41 51 Grass Herb Planter Shrub Tree
Step 5, is the last step.

Based on the above Input-output , what will be the Output of the following information? Answer the questions follows

INPUT: 11 55 Green Blue Red 33 Orange 22 44 Pink

8.How many steps does it take to get the final Output?
(A)Four
(B)Six
(C)Eight
(D)Seven
(E)Five

Answer: (E) Logic behind output- Numbers are arranged ascending order and words are arranged alphabetically. 
So, the output for “11 55 Green Blue Red 33 Orange 22 44 Pink” is as follows:
Step I: 11 22 55 Green Red 33 Orange 44 Pink Blue
Step II: 11 22 33 55 Red Orange 44 Pink Blue Green
Step III: 11 22 33 44 55 Red Pink Blue Green Orange
Step IV: 11 22 33 44 55 Red Blue Green Orange Pink
Step V: 11 22 33 44 55 Blue Green Orange Pink Red
Step V, being the final step.

9. What is the second last word/number in Step 2?
(A)Pink
(B)44
(C)Blue
(D)Green
(E)55

Answer: (C) Blue

10. Which is the word/number second to the right of ‘Red’ in step IV ?
(A)Pink
(B)44
(C)Blue
(D)Green
(E)55

Answer: (D) Green

11.What is the position of ‘44’ with respect to ‘Orange’ in step V.
(A)2nd to left
(B)4th to left
(C)5th to Right
(D)5th to left
(E)None of these

Answer: (B)

Shifting of elements  based questions:

These type of questions elements are shifted based on particular rule. Following example will illustrate the idea better.  

Directions (Q 12-15): A letter, symbol, and number arrangement machine when given an input line rearranges them following a particular pattern in each step as shown below.

Input:   a 1 @ # $ G T & $ M & ?
Step I: 1 @ # $ G T & $ M & ? a
Step II: 1 # $ G T & $ M & ? a @
Step III: 1 # G T & $ M & ? a @ $
Step IV: 1 # G & $ M & ? a @ $ T
there is no end to the number of steps of the above input.

Answer the following questions based on the input

‘1 E N * + O A = 3 5 ! 2 T K’

12) How many such numbers are there in step V which are preceded and succeeded by a letter?
(A)1
(B)2
(C)3
(D)None
(E)None of the above

Answer: (A) 1 is the only such number. 

Logic behind output- In Step I first element is shifted to the last. In Step II, second element (Second element of step I) is shifted to the last. In Step III , third element (Third element of step II) is shifted to last, and so on. 

Step I: E N * + O A = 3 5 ! 2 T K 1
Step II: E * + O A = 3 5 ! 2 T K 1 N
Step III: E * O A = 3 5 ! 2 T K 1 N +
Step IV: E * O = 3 5 ! 2 T K 1 N + A
Step V: E * O = 5 ! 2 T K 1 N + A 3

13. How many letters are there in the fourth step which are to the right of the number ‘3’?
(A)1
(B)2
(C)3
(D)4
(E)None of the above

Answer .(D)

14) Which of the following will be the third step?

(A)A. E * O A = 3 5 ! 2 T K 1 N +
(B)E N * + O A = 3 5 ! 2 T K 1
(C)E N * + O A = 3 5 ! 2 T 1 K
(D)E A N * + O = 3 5 ! 2 T K 1
(E)None of the above

Answer: (A) Step III: E * O A = 3 5 ! 2 T K 1 N +

15. Which of the following will be on the immediate right of ‘!’ in step IV?
(A)5
(B)2
(C)+
(D)3
(E)None of the above

Answer : (B)
Step IV: E * O = 3 5 ! 2 T K 1 N + A

Problems Based on Mathematical Operations

In this type of questions, the input has some numbers. Different steps are obtained by taking the numbers of the input and different arithmetic operations are performed after that.

Directions (Q 16-18) Study the following information to answer the following questions. A number arrangement machine, when given a particular input, rearranges it following a particular rule. The following is the illustration of the input and the steps of the arrangement.

Input 44 35 18 67 22 28 36

Step I      36 27 10 59 14 20 28
Step II    16 15 8 42 4 16 18
Step III   132 105 54 201 66 84 108
Step IV   50 41 24 73 28 34 42
Step V     8   8    9   4   4   1     9
Step VI   64 64 81 169 16 100 81
Step VII  20 19 12 46 8 20 22

16. What will be the 4th step of the following input?
Input 24, 88, 22, 34, 81, 90, 38

(A) 30, 94, 28, 40, 87, 92, 40
(B) 30, 94, 28, 40, 87, 96, 44
(C) 44, 96, 87, 40, 28, 94, 30
(D) Cannot be determined
(E) None of the above

Answer . (B)Logic of each step
Step I (Each number of the input) – 8
Step II Product of the digits of each number of the input
Step III (Each number of the input) ×3
Step IV (Each number of the input) +6
Step V Keep adding the digits of each number of the input till they are converted into single digit
Step VI (Digit sum of each number of input)2
Step VII (Each number of step II) +4
Step IV = (Each number of the input) + 6

17. The second step of a given input is 45, 27, 35, 28, 42, 15. What will be step VII for the input?
(A) 49, 31, 39, 32, 46, 19
(B) 50, 31, 40, 22, 37, 19
(C) 19, 46, 32, 39, 31, 49
(D) Cannot be determined
(E) None of these

Answer: (A) Step VII = (Each number of step II) + 4

18. In how many steps would the following arrangement be yielded by the given input? Input 91, 45, 67, 51, 32, 17

Arrangement 100, 81, 169, 36, 25, 64
(A) VI
(B) III
(C) V
(D) VII
(E)None of these

Answer (A) As given arrangement = (Digit sum of each number of input)2 Which is the logic of step VI.